This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Licence (CC BY_NC_ND 4.0). For higher resolution images or permissions beyond the scope of this licence contact us by email. Unless otherwise specified in the Notes field of the image, the project will relay all requests for non-commercial re-use to the owner of the original image.

What this licence means is that this low resolution image is protected by Copyright Law and is not for commercial use in any form or any medium without the owner’s permission. Download, transmission, or print, for research or educational purposes, is permitted, providing that the provenance is acknowledged. The acknowledgement should include the name of the photographer (stated if known), the name of the copyright owner (or the name of the owner of the photograph), and the online source (Historical Photographs of China), including the url.

For example: Photograph by Fu Bingchang. Image courtesy of C.H. Foo, Y.W. Foo and Historical Photographs of China, University of Bristol (www.hpcbristol.net).