Chinese and Europeans beside a city gate

The Great Wall, at Badaling, c.1890

The Great Wall at Nankou

Yongdingmen, Beijing

Gate tower of Qianmen, Beijing

A Chinese barricade on the city wall, Peking

Sir Claude MacDonald with defenders of the British Legation, Peking

'The Six Fighting Parsons', British Legation, Beijing

'The Six Fighting Parsons', Fort Coburn, Peking

City walls with extra defensive masonry and barricades, Peking

Reinforced outer wall, and water well, during siege of the Legation Quarter, Peking

Carriages at gateway, Weihaiwei

The Salt Gate (盐仓门) – also known as the Heyi Gate (和义门) – Ningbo

City wall at Zhapu

Fuchengmen (阜成門) gatehouse and archery tower, with mat shelters, Beijing

Watch tower gate and city wall, Beijing

Canon mounted on raised stone platforms, Zhenhai, Zhejiang Province

North-east corner of the city wall and temporary graves, Zhenhai

Stone breastworks at Zhenhai (镇海), Zhejiang Province

City wall - thought to be at Zhenhai, Zhejiang Province