British soldiers and officers watching a Chinese sniper or soldier dubbed 'Charlie Chan II', near the Pantheon Theatre, Shanghai, 1937

Chinese sniper, Pantheon Theatre, North Kiangse Road, Shanghai, 1937

British soldiers watching a Chinese soldier, Pantheon Theatre, North Kiangse Road, Shanghai, 1937

Fires burning near Shanghai North Railway Station signal box, Zhabei, 1937

Hand grenade exploding, thrown from the Pantheon Theatre, North Kiangse Road, Shanghai, 1937

Barricades and sandbag guard posts, Haining Road, Shanghai, 1937

An abandoned Chinese guard post, Zhabei, Shanghai, October 1937

Chinese Nationalist flag flying on Sihang Godown (四行仓库), Shanghai, 29 October 1937

Japanese flag flying on Shanghai North Railway Station, Zhabei, Shanghai, 1937

Japanese soldiers with a casualty on a stretcher, Shanghai North Railway Station, October 1937

British soliders building sandbagged guard post, North Honan Road and Range Road, Shanghai, October 1937

Sandbagged and shuttered P & O Banking Corporation, The Bund, Shanghai, 1937

Soldiers at a sandbagged guard post, Garden Bridge, the Bund, Shanghai, 1937

Nationalist soldiers (88th Division) and dugout near Hungjao, Shanghai, 1937

Nationalist soldier at dugout near Hungjao, Shanghai, 1937

Nationalist soldiers (88th Division) digging trenches near Hungjao, Shanghai, 1937

Chinese soldiers with Hanyang 88 shotguns at a guard post near Hungjao, Shanghai, 1937

Chinese refugees in Nanshi, at Port de Nord gate to French concession, Shanghai, 1937

Removing sandbag barricades, Shanghai, 1937

Tientsin Volunteers and a barricade on the Bund, Tianjin, during the siege, 1900