Chinese refugees streaming over Garden Bridge onto the Bund, Shanghai, August 1937

Refugees in Chapei, Shanghai

Refugees crossing Garden Bridge on foot, Shanghai, August 1937

Broadway Mansions and Garden Bridge (Waibaidu Qiao), Shanghai, photographed from a car, August 1937

A woman beggar or refugee, with two babies in baskets

A fundraising event at the Tianchan Theatre, Shanghai, to support relief for wartime refugees

Refugees crossing Garden Bridge to the Bund, Shanghai, August 1937

Refugees leaving Zhabei, along North Soochow Road, Shanghai, 1937

Refugees leaving Zhabei, crossing Thibet Road Bridge beside gas works, Shanghai

Elderly Chinese refugee, Shanghai, 1937

A British soldier with a blind refugee, outside the British Consulate, Shanghai, 1937

Women refugees with children and bundles of possessions, outside the British Consulate, Shanghai, 1937

Refugees leaving Zhabei, Dixwell Road, Shanghai, August 1937

Refugees from Pudong, arriving at the Bund by boat, Shanghai, 1937

Chinese nurses collecting money in Nanking Road for the Shanghai Refugee Camp, December 1937

Chinese refugees in Nanshi, at Port de Nord gate to French concession, Shanghai, 1937

Train carriages with straw shelters, during the retreat from Guilin, 1944

Soldiers on train carriages, during the retreat from Guilin, 1944

Villagers (refugees) fording a river with their possessions

Refugees in French Concession, Shanghai